The respiratory center with respiratory generators is located in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata. The physiology of respiration is complex and beyond the scope of this review. Future updates to AT protocols and strive for unification of such protocols are desirable. Only some modifications are widely used, especially methods to maintain oxygenation, and most are not standardized or endorsed by brain death guidelines. A large body of the literature on AT since its inception addresses a variety of modifications, monitoring techniques, complication rates, ways to perform AT on ECMO, and other considerations such as variability in protocols, lack of uniform awareness, and legal considerations. A total of 87 articles matched our inclusion criteria and were qualitatively synthesized in this review. Pediatric or animal studies were excluded. We conducted a systematic scoping review to answer these questions by searching the literature on AT in English language available in PubMed or EMBASE since 1980. We sought to review described modifications of AT, safety and complication rates, monitoring techniques, performance of AT on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and other relevant considerations regarding AT.
Apnea testing (AT) is physiologically and practically complex. Apnea is one of the three cardinal findings in brain death (BD).
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